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How does helium and neon work?

How does helium and neon work?

The gas mixture is mostly helium, so that helium atoms can be excited. The excited helium atoms collide with neon atoms, exciting some of them to the state that radiates 632.8 nm. Without helium, the neon atoms would be excited mostly to lower excited states, responsible for non-laser lines.

How is a helium neon laser made?

A helium-neon laser is based on a tube filled with a mixture of helium and neon gas. An electrical glow discharge excites helium atoms, which transfer their energy to neon atoms during the collisions.

What is the principle of laser explain the working of He-Ne laser with the help of diagram?

Working of He-Ne It is a four energy level laser system. The electrons produced from electric discharge collide with He and Ne atom and excite them to the higher energy levels He2 and Ne4 at 20.61 eV and 20.66 eV respectively. These two states are metastable so the atoms may stay there for a longer time.

How do neon lasers work?

An He-Ne laser works by exciting Neon atoms in the gas. The 632.8 nm optical light emitted by the laser is generated in the process when the Neon atoms decay from an excited state to an ordinary state.

Can you fix broken neon tube?

2. Repair or Replace the Glass Tube. Even a small crack in the glass tube can render the neon light useless unless repaired. In most cases, you will have to isolate the broken or cracked part of the fixture, create a vacuum seal, and then heat the glass until it melts and bridges the crack.

How powerful is a helium-neon laser?

Helium–neon (He–Ne) lasers are a frequently used type of continuously operating gas lasers, which is also the first demonstrated gas laser (already in 1961 [1]). Most often, He–Ne lasers emit red light at 632.8 nm at a power level of a few milliwatts and with excellent beam quality.

Why the discharge tube is taken narrow?

In the helium–neon laser, the gain is an inverse function of the diameter of the gas tube, because the lower level of the laser transition is depopulated by collisions of the neon atoms with the walls of the tube. In order that the collision rate of neon atoms with the wall be high, the tube diameter must be small.

Why Ne laser is 4 level?

This transmitted light constitutes the laser output beam. The He–Ne laser is referred to as a four-level system. Figure 42.20 shows how four different energy levels are used to achieve a population inversion in a four-level system. Atoms * are pumped ( ) from the ground state (1) to a band of excited states (2).

What are the uses of helium neon laser?

Applications / Uses of He-Ne Laser He-Ne lasers are produced in large quantities from many years. Many schools / colleges / universities use this type of laser in their science programs and experiments. He-Ne lasers also used in super market checkout counters to read bar codes and QR codes. The He-Ne lasers also used by newspapers for reproducing transmitted photographs.

Why two gases helium and neon are used in laser?

Optical pumping process is the excitation of atoms of the active material to generate laser by the optical energy, Helium and neon gases are suitable for the production of gases laser due to the values of their excited metastable states which are very close to each other.

Why is helium used in laser?

Helium serves several functions in laser processing: it is primarily a shielding gas for the molten pool in laser welding but is also an important component of the lasing gas in all CO 2 lasers. Carbon dioxide lasers are also used for cutting, drilling, cladding, and heat treatment, although welding is the only process that also uses helium as a shielding gas.

What is the wavelength of helium neon laser?

Advantages of He-Ne Laser He-Ne laser has very good coherence property He-Ne laser can produce three wavelengths that are 1.152µm, 3.391 µm and 632.8nm, in which the 632.8nm is most common because it is visible usually in red color. He-Ne laser tube has very small length approximately from 10 to 100cm and best life time of 20.000 hours.