How does mitral stenosis cause mitral facies?

Mitral facies refers to the abnormal flushing of the cheeks that occurs from cutaneous vasodilation in the setting of severe mitral valve stenosis (usually rheumatic in origin) causing a low cardiac output state.

What are the characteristics of mitral stenosis?

Signs and symptoms of mitral valve stenosis include:

Shortness of breath, especially with activity or when you lie down.
Fatigue, especially during increased activity.
Swollen feet or legs.
Sensations of a rapid, fluttering heartbeat (palpitations)
Chest discomfort or chest pain.
Coughing up blood.
Dizziness or fainting.

Why does malar flush in mitral stenosis?

Pathophysiology. Mitral valve stenosis may cause malar flush due to CO2 retention, which causes vasodilation of arterioles in the cheeks. It can also be associated with other conditions, such as lupus, and polycythemia vera.

Why are waves prominent in mitral stenosis?

Inspection of the jugular venous pulsations may reveal a prominent A wave due to vigorous atrial contraction of a prominent V wave due to tricuspid regurgitation that develops from pulmonary hypertension.

What does Malar flush feel like?

The rash is red or purple and may be either blotchy or solid in appearance. It is commonly known as a “butterfly rash” due to its distinctive butterfly shape. A malar rash may be flat or slightly raised, and it can feel rough and scaly. It may be itchy and, in severe cases, it may be painful.

How long does a malar flush last?

Malar rash is characterized by erythema over the cheeks and nasal bridge (but sparing the nasolabial folds, which is in contrast to the rash of dermatomyositis) (see the image below). It lasts from days to weeks and is occasionally painful or pruritic.

Can mitral valve stenosis cause dizziness?

There are a variety of symptoms associated with severe mitral valve stenosis which may include the following: breathlessness with activity. chest pain or discomfort. fainting, weakness or dizziness with activity.

What does Wilkins score mean for mitral valve stenosis?

Wilkins score. Poor valve morphology can lead to severe mitral regurgitation after intervention, and thus the Wilkins score attempts to identify those at risk.

Which is the best treatment for mitral stenosis?

Percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy is the therapy of choice for uncomplicated mitral stenosis (Wilkins score less than 8) Recommended for symptomatic patients with moderate to severe mitral stenosis and favorable valve morphology, no or mild mitral regurgitation, and no evidence of left atrial thrombus

What do you need to know about Mitral facies?

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How does mitral stenosis affect the left atrium?

In mitral stenosis, blood flow through the narrowed valve opening is reduced. As a result, the volume and pressure of blood in the left atrium increases, and the left atrium enlarges. The enlarged left atrium often beats rapidly in an irregular pattern (a disorder called atrial fibrillation ).