What are the effects of ionizing radiation on the Foetus?

What are the effects of ionizing radiation on the Foetus?

The developing embryo and fetus are extremely sensitive to ionizing radiation. The main effects of radiation on he human embryo and fetus are: growth retardation, prenatal or neonatal death, congenital malformations and mental retardation.

What are the effects of radiation to fetuses?

The health consequences can be severe, even at radiation doses too low to make the mother sick. Such consequences can include stunted growth, deformities, abnormal brain function, or cancer that may develop sometime later in life.

What can impact fetal development?

Genetic, nutritional, environmental, uteroplacental, and fetal factors have been suggested to influence fetal growth. Uteroplacental and umbilical blood flow and transplacental glucose and fetal insulin are major determinants of fetal growth.

Which category of biological effects of ionizing radiation can affect an embryo?

In utero exposure to ionizing radiation can be teratogenic, carcinogenic, or mutagenic. The effects are directly related to the level of exposure and stage of fetal development.

What is the 28 day rule in radiography?

If pregnancy cannot be excluded the 28 day rule applies The vast majority of routine diagnostic examinations fall into the category of a low dose procedure. If pregnancy cannot be excluded but the menstrual period is not overdue according to the 28 day rule proceed with the examination.

How do I know my fetus is healthy?

Five common signs of a healthy pregnancy

1. 01/6​Weight gain during pregnancy. Usually expecting mums gain around 12-15 kilos when they are pregnant.
2. 02/6Common signs of a healthy pregnancy.
3. 03/6​Movement.
4. 04/6​Normal growth.
5. 05/6Heartbeat.
6. 06/6​Position of the baby at the time of pre-labour.

Which period of prenatal development is the most critical?

The embryonic period is the most critical period of development because of the formation of internal and external structures.

How does radiation affect the development of the fetus?

Radiation risks to the fetus are dependent on the developmental period the embryo/fetus is at upon exposure. The risks are most significant during organogenesis and the early fetal stage. pre-conception radiation of either parents’ gonads has not been shown to result in an increased risk of malformations or cancer in children

How does the amniotic fluid affect fetal development?

IL-1β and TNF-α are considered central to the pathway, because amniotic fluid infusion of either cytokine in a nonhuman primate model is capable of inducing preterm birth.10Cytokines stimulate prostaglandin production in other placental tissues (amniotic epithelial cells and decidua), which further drive labor.14, 17]

How much radiation can you give a fetus?

Most diagnostic x-ray and nuclear medicine examinations are <50 mSv and have not been demonstrated to produce any significant impact on fetal growth and development. For doses up to 100 mSv, any radiation risks are deemed to be low compared with the normal risks of pregnancy.

How does infection during pregnancy affect fetal development?

Influence of Infection During Pregnancy on Fetal Development 1 Infection-associated injuries to the fetal lung. 2 Rubella virus. The devastating teratogenic effects of the rubella virus were first reported in 1941… 3 HCMV. HCMV is perhaps the most common cause of congenital infections and is a leading cause… 4 Varicella zoster. The incidence…