What does Hyalohyphomycosis mean?

Hyalohyphomycosis is used to describe any mycotic infection in the tissues associated with a fungal agent with septate hyphae and nonpigmented (hyaline) walls.

Is Aspergillus a Hyalohyphomycosis?

Other agents of hyalohyphomycosis include Aspergillus spp., Scopulariopsis spp., Beauveria spp., Trichoderma spp., Chrysosporium spp., and others (Table 13-1). The disease caused by these pathogens is described in other chapters.

What causes Phaeohyphomycosis?

Phaeohyphomycosis can be caused by many species of dark, melanin-pigmented dematiaceous fungi including Bipolaris, Cladophialophora, Cladosporium, Exophiala, Fonsecaea, Phialophora, Ochronosis, Rhinocladiella, and Wangiella.

What causes Zygomycosis?

Zygomycosis is any infection caused by fungi in the class Zygomycetes commonly found in soil or decomposing vegetation and animal matter. There are two major orders of Zygomycetes that cause infection in humans — Mucorales and Entomophthorales.

What causes Chromoblastomycosis?

Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic fungal infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. The infection usually results from a traumatic injury and inoculation of microorganism from a specific group of dematiaceous fungi (usually Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Phialophora verrucosa, Cladophialophora carrionii).

What is Mycetoma?

Mycetoma is a disease caused by certain types of bacteria and fungi found in soil and water. These bacteria and fungi may enter the body through a break in the skin, often on a person’s foot.

Is Aspergillus contagious to humans?

But people who have a weakened immune system from illness or immunosuppressant medications have fewer infection-fighting cells. This allows aspergillus to take hold, invading the lungs and, in the most serious cases, other parts of the body. Aspergillosis is not contagious from person to person.

How is phaeohyphomycosis treated?

Treatment: Phaeohyphomycosis is generally poorly responsive to treatment. Wide excision of cutaneous or subcutaneous lesions is recommended, followed by 6–12 mo of treatment with itraconazole (10 mg/kg/day). Nonresectable disease should be treated with itraconazole.

How is phaeohyphomycosis transmitted?

Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis usually follows the traumatic implantation of the fungus into the subcutaneous tissue. Minor trauma, such as cuts or wounds from thorns or wood splinters, is often sufficient. The principal etiologic agents include E.

How is Zygomycosis treated?

Treatment of mucormycosis involves a combination of surgical debridement of involved tissues and antifungal therapy. Aggressive surgical debridement of involved tissues should be undertaken as soon as the diagnosis of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis is suspected.

How can Zygomycosis be prevented?

Avoid activities that involve close contact to soil or dust, such as yard work or gardening. If this isn’t possible, Wear shoes, long pants, and a long-sleeved shirt when doing outdoor activities such as gardening, yard work, or visiting wooded areas. Wear gloves when handling materials such as soil, moss, or manure.

Is there a cure for Chromoblastomycosis?

Background: Chromoblastomycosis is a subcutaneous mycosis, seen frequently in tropical areas, and caused by dematiaceous fungi. It produces nodulo-verrucous lesions in the arms and legs. There is no treatment of choice for this disease and sometimes a combination of chemotherapy and physical therapy is necessary.

What does phaeohyphomycosis mean in veterinary terms?

Infection may result from fungal implantation into tissue at the site of an injury. Phaeohyphomycosis has been described in cows, cats, horses, and dogs. The most common clinical presentations include ulcerated cutaneous nodules of the digits, pinnae, nasal planum, and nasal/paranasal tissues in cats.

How is hyalohyphomycosis different in immunocompetent animals?

Animals being treated with immunosuppressive drugs for immune-mediated disease may develop cutaneous hyalohyphomycosis and not have lesions at other sites, whereas immunocompetent animals that develop hyalohyphomycosis most often do have disseminated disease, or at least disease that is not confined to the skin.

Which is the most common genera of hyalohyphomycosis?

Examples of genera causing hyalohyphomycosis in people and other animals include Acremonium, Fusarium, Geotrichum, Paecilomyces, Pseudallescheria, Sagenomella, Phialosimplex, Geosmithia, Geomyces, and Scedosporium. Hyalohyphomycosis is far less common than phaeohyphomycosis.

How is phaeohyphomycosis diagnosed in a biopsy?

Phaeohyphomycosis can be diagnosed by microscopic examination of exudate and biopsy specimens, which reveals pigmented, dark-walled, irregularly septate filamentous hyphae (2–6 μm in diameter) or yeast-like cells. Infected tissues may be grossly pigmented, giving an appearance of melanoma.